Intellectual disabilities are characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (IQ between 20 and 70) and adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. These disabilities manifest before the age of 18 and affect a person’s ability to learn, communicate, socialize, and live independently.

Specialized support and services, such as residential and day workshops, schools, autism centers, and early intervention programs, are often required to help individuals with intellectual disabilities develop their potential and improve their quality of life. A valid Mentally Retardation certificate is typically necessary to access these services.